MULTI-WORD VERBS

1. Two-word verbs
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1.1. Phrasal verbs - Transitive (Separable) and Intransitive, Prepositional Verbs (Inseparable)

2. Three-word verbs = Phrasal-prepositional verbs
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A principal diferença entre Phrasal Verbs e Prepositional Verbs ocorre no plano sintático: quando transitivos, os Phrasal Verbs, também chamados de Separable, exigem a colocação do objeto entre o verbo e a preposição sempre que o objeto for um pronome, enquanto que Prepositional Verbs, também chamados de inseparable, não permitem a colocação do objeto entre o verbo e sua preposição.
Exemplos:
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· Phrasal Verb: They called up the man = They called the man up = They called him up -- Eles telefonaram para o homem.
· Prepositional Verb: They called on the man = They called on him -- Eles visitaram o homem.
No plano semântico, observa-se que em Phrasal Verbs o grau de distanciamento do significado em relação ao significado original do verbo tende a ser maior.
Ex: give = dar; give up = parar, largar de mão.
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Além disso, Phrasal Verbs são compostos predominantemente com verbos monossilábicos, enquanto que em Prepositional Verbs, o verbo é freqüentemente bissilábico.
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Também na pronúncia ocorre uma diferença importante, em Phrasal Verbs a sílaba tônica recai sobre a preposição, enquanto que em Prepositional Verbs, a sílaba tônica recai sobre o verbo.
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Finalmente, podemos classificar uma terceira categoria de multi-word verbs: os Phrasal-Prepositional Verbs, também chamados de three-word verbs por serem compostos de um verbo, um advérbio e uma preposição. Estas locuções ocorrem predominantemente em linguagem informal.
Relação de phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, e phrasal-prepositional verbs comuns:
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Transitive Phrasal Verbs (separable two-word verbs): ask out (convidar para sair), back up, blow out, blow up (explodir, ampliar), break in (amaciar, dar iniciação), break off (romper relações), break up (partir, romper), bring about (causar), bring forward (antecipar), bring in (apresentar, introduzir), bring up (criar, trazer à tona), brush off (desconsiderar), burn down (queimar completamente), burn up (enraivecer alguém), call off (cancel), call up (telephone), calm down, carry out, check out, clean up, clear up, climb up, count in, count out, cross out, cut off, drive back, figure out, fill in, fill out, find out, give away, give up (parar de, desistir de, abandonar), hand in, hand out, hang up, keep away, keep off, keep on, keep up, kick off, knock down, leave behind, let down (decepcionar), let in/out, light up, lock up, look up, make up (compensate), pass over, pay back, pick up, play down, point out, pull off (conseguir, obter êxito), pull over, pump up, put away, put back, put down, put off (postpone), put on (colocar, botar, vestir), put out (extinguish), put together (assemble, form), rip off (lograr), rule out (exclude), run over, set up, sex up, shut down, shut off, sort out, spell out, stand up (dar bolo), take apart (desmontar), take away, take back, take off, take over, take up, talk out (dissuadir), talk over, tear down, throw away (discard), try on (experimentar uma roupa), try out (testar), turn down (não aceitar), turn in, turn off (desligar), turn on (ligar), wake up, warn off, wash down, work out (solve), write down (anotar).
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Intransitive Phrasal Verbs: back out (dar para trás, desistir), break down (collapse), break up, catch on, come back (return), die out, eat out (comer fora), fall off, get up, give in (ceder), go back, go off, go up, grow up, pull out, settle down, show up (comparecer), shut up, sink in, sit down, sleep in, stand up (levantar-se, ficar de pé), stay over, strike back (counterattack), throw up (vomit), turn up, work out (exercise).
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Prepositional Verbs (inseparable two-word verbs): allow for, apply for, approve of, attend to, break into, call for, call on (visit), care for, cheat on (to be sexually unfaithful), come across, comment on, conform to, consent to, count on, deal with, do without, get into, get over (recuperar-se), go into (enter), go over, go through (undergo, examine), insist on, leaf through, listen to, live on, look after, look at, look for, look into (investigate), resort to, run into (meet by chance), send for (request), stand by, stand for.
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Phrasal-Prepositional Verbs (three-word verbs): break up with, carry on with, catch up with, check out of, come up to, come up with, crack down on, do away with, drop out of, fool around with, get along with, get away with, get back at, get back from, get on with, get out of, get through with, go down on (perform oral sex), keep out of, keep up with, kick out of, look forward to, look out for, put up