Check your vocabulary for Law – Pronunciation 3

Past tense & Past participle
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REGULAR PAST TENSES and past participles are formed with suffix “ed”: walk, walked, walked. There are three different pronunciations of the “ed” at the end of the verb. Look at these examples and practice saying them.
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1. /t/ like the sound in trial - For example: expressed, tricked, helped
2. /d/ like the sound in dock – For example: accused, opened, claimed
3. /id/ like the sound in bid - For example: convicted, pleaded, acquitted
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Find the regular verbs in these sentences and underline them. Decide which of the three pronunciations is correct in each case. The first one has been done for you as an example:
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1. The clerk was disciplined for leaking the report to a newspaper. / ___d______
2. He claims he was discriminated against because of his color. /___________
3. The company is presumed to be still solvent. /___________
4. The market has not recovered from the rise in oil prices. /__________
5. The legislation was reformed to make court room procedures more straightforward. /______
6. The letters were dispatched today. /_________
7. The contract becomes null and void when these documents are surrendered. /________
8. He was blackmailed by his former secretary. /_________
9. His firm was blacklisted by the government. /_________
10. He promised to pay the money before the end of the month. /________
11. The gang swindled the bank out of U$1,5m. /________
12. He practiced as a solicitor for twenty-five years. /_______
13. The defendant is represented by his solicitor. /__________
14. The company has recorded another year of increased sales. /________
15. The court adjourned to allow the prosecution time to find the missing witnesses. /______
16. The recession caused hundreds of bankruptcies. /______
17. The judge sentenced him to two years in prison. /_______
18. The political prisoners were pardoned by the president. /________
19. He traded under the name “Eeziphitt”. /______
20. he was summoned to appear before the committee. /_______
21. The new building must be financed by the local authority. /_________
22. We based our calculations on last year’s turnover. /_______
23. The government has not published the figures. /_______
24. The agent is empowered to sell the property. /_______
25. The judge decided in favor of the plaintiff. /_______
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Extension: Work with a partner. Each person chooses five sentences and dictate them to the other. Take turns.
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ANSWERS:
1.d – 2.id – 3.d – 4.d – 5. t – 6. t – 7. d – 8.d – 9. id – 10. t – 11. d – 12. t – 13.- id – 14. id – 15. d – 16. d – 17.t – 18. d – 19. id – 20. d – 21. t – 22. t – 23. t – 24. d – 25. id